|
Climate change in Japan is being addressed at a governmental level. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) proposes two hypothetical future scenarios. One is Scenario "A1B" based on the assumption that a future world will have more global economic growth (the concentration of carbon dioxide will be 720ppm in 2100). The other is Scenario "B1" based on the assumption that a future world will have global green economy (the concentration of carbon dioxide will be 550ppm in 2100). Earth Simulator calculations, reveal the daily increase in mean temperature in Japan during the period of 2071 to 2100. The temperature has increased by 3.0 °C in Scenario B1 and 4.2 °C in A1B compared to that of 1971 to 2000. Similarly, the daily maximum temperature in Japan increased by 3.1 °C in B1 and 4.4 °C in A1B. The precipitation in summer in Japan increased steadily due to global warming (the annual average precipitation increased by 17% in Scenario B1 and by 19% in Scenario A1B during the period of 2071 to 2100 compared to that of 1971 to 2000).〔(The latest global warming projection by using the Earth Simulator has been completed ), Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo〕 Currently, Japan is a world leader in the development of new climate-friendly technologies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ec.europa.eu/environment/international_issues/relations_japan_en.htm )〕 Honda and Toyota hybrid electric vehicles were named to have the highest fuel efficiency and lowest emissions.〔(Automaker Rankings 2007: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies ), Union of Concerned Scientists, 10/15/07.〕 The fuel economy and emissions decrease is due to the advanced technology in hybrid systems, biofuels, use of lighter weight material and better engineering. As a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, and host of the 1997 conference which created it, Japan is under treaty obligations to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and to take other steps related to curbing climate change. The Cool Biz campaign introduced under former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi was targeted at reducing energy use through the reduction of air conditioning use in government offices. == Tokyo == Japan's capital Tokyo is preparing to force industry to make big cuts in greenhouse gases, taking the lead in a country struggling to meet its Kyoto Protocol obligations. Tokyo's outspoken governor, Shintaro Ishihara, decided to go it alone and create Japan's first emissions cap system, reducing greenhouse gas emission by a total of 25 percent by 2020 from the 2000 level.〔(World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) )〕 On June 25, 2008, Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly approved bylaw for reduction program of CO2 emission start from 2010. Approx. 1,300 large offices and factories in Tokyo that consume electric power equivalent to 1,500 kilo-litre of crude oil annually must reduce CO2 emission 15-20% of average volume in last three years before this bylaw. Even with emissions trading or cap and trade but targeting reduction not is achieved by 2020, the penalty up to JPY 500,000 shall be charged. This penalty chargeable regulation is first one in Japan. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Climate change in Japan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|